Mixer



Sept 1, 1925.

WITNESSES ATTORNEYS 1,55l,633 c. H. BENNETT MIXER Original Filed oct. 25 1919 :5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Pa tented Sept. 1, 1925.

UNITED ST S CLKRENGE !HERBERT 'BENNETT, os JAMESBURG, NEW JERSEY, ms'sdvon, :BY- ::msim ASSIGNMENT& mo BEN-WAT conromrom or mw YORK, .N. ccondmon Application filed October 25, 1919, Serial No. 333,177. Renewed April' aga-19215.`

Te ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it 'known that I, "CLARENCE H. "BEN NETT, a citizen of ithe United States,` and a resident of Jansburg, County of MiddleseX,`State of New "Jersey, 'have invented certain new and useful Inprovements, as enibodied 'in the annexed `specification, in Mixers.

It is a Well appreciated factthat a'constantly increasng 'problem has confronted both theusers and manufacturers& internal co'mbustion engines, more particularly Where the same are applied to automotive vehicles, in' that inreasingly greater difficult'yhas been experienced in starting the engine particularly When it "is cold. Also it is well understood that notorsof the type s ecified have not produced maximum e power in their intial steps ofoperatiom or evenafter they have been running for a eonsiderable penda.

This. decrease in 'efliciency, despite continual iniprovenient'dn Construction, is the result of the constantly lowering standard of 'volatile fuels employed as the source ofenergy `for internal'combustion engines e In an e ffo't to overcome this difficulty automotive engineers have resorted to What is'known as a hot-spot manifold, in an efi'ort to induce a inore completely Vaporized ifuel nixture so 'as to insure a more efiicent peraton of the engi'e into which it is introduced Aside 'fromthe'structure above referred to, numerous devices and 'systems 'have been suggested With a View of producing amore readily conbustible fuel 1niX- "tur e, which ouldresult in an increased power on the part'ofthe engineand 'easier operation as Well as the eliinination of carbon deposits' All of the difiiculty experienced as above entlined has been the result of placing upon the market fuel which is not readily vaporized. In other Words, entire partieles of fuel have been earried up by the suction of the en in e -directly into the cylinders, which partielesor drops could not 'possibly be consurne'd in the briefinterval deVoted to the explosion stroke within, one cylinder( As is Well known, even under the mostideal conditions, not more than two-thirds of the entire fuel nixture introduced into the cylnider has been consuned during the explosion stroke "Th s condition maybe' at-` nection ivithfa `arbur eter rra is a" gne into which the fuelflisgfedf willjj h trlbnted "to the fact *that the ;varr i she& i t

nixture 'are not "rninutely "sibdivide n in a number df'waf'sgthe' ost? l y td v I v nef'past ps'tbnsand assdciatd"pistn Tings rit' He Grani -case causing a dilution of nbri- `catir g joil a consequently ;rapid `W aring of the bearings nd lthe r bb ngp Wthja View of so'lvifrg-ths' problem 'I "sui-ea su t i fi proved perating conditions 'in' the m'otive power into "which "it is itroduced.

x td t"be 'interposed between 'the s'a ean 'Inanifold of an `internal;conibii stion' engine I' Well `aware that any ;mflier o'' devices" have been suggsted "tvt-'h this uriaese in mind; but it is grinarly pointd i qutfthat these "devices have usually' consistedjo a Wire screening or 'similar 'element Whiclfftfas interpose'd in the 'fuel' line 'With a, View 'of .breaking up the partcles ofthejmi xture.

means. y

As afore state'd, Iny nventonai teproduce a mxture by "means of 'Whiehjthe enunit, resulting in'a saving of Another object of my invention is to produce a mixer which will permit of an easier starting of the motor.

A 'further object ot my invention is the production ot' a mixer which will operate, if anything, better, at a high R. M. P. of the motor, although functioning in an entirely satistactory manner at slow speeds of the engine.

In connection with the satis'actory mixing of fuel by even the best of carbureters, itis pointed out, as afores'tated, that whole drops of `uel are carried up by the infiow of current into the cylinders. For this reason l have constructed my mixer in such a manner as to prevent the passing of any drops of fluid in their raw state until they have been completely mixed.

A still 'urther object of my invention is the Construction of a mixer which shall combine compactness together with ease of assembling, which will result in cheapness ot production.

Reference is had to the attached sheets oi drawings which iilustrate one practical embodiment of my invention and in which:

Figure l. is a sectional side-View taken N through a mixer constructed in accordance tached to the carbureter.

with my invention.

Figure 2. is an enlarged sectonal plan View taken on lines 2-2 of Figure l.

Figures 3, a, 5, and 6. are enlarged sectional views taken along lines 3-3, l-c, 5-5, and 6-6, respectively, of Figure 2.

Eig. 7 is a perspective View of the batiiing means employed and showing the units of the same in loosely assembled position.

Figur-es S, 9, lO, and ll. show certain details of the mixer and Figure 12 is a plan View of the initial assembled units of a mixer embodying a slightly different 'form ot spider.

in all of these Views like reference numerals designate similar parts, and the reterence nnmeral 15 indicates any approved` type of manifold applied to a fuel-consiuning unit and 16, a pipe Conveniently atnterposed and connecting these two members is the mixer. The mixer includes a cylindrical casing 17, Conveniently provided with an inwardly extending i'lange 18, positioned approximately intermediate the two ends of the casing 17. The lower end ot' the casing is closed by a plate proviueal with a central opening into which extends the pipe 16, the body of the casingl? being further 'ormed with any number of desired openings with which the mani'old 15 may connect.

Secured to the flange lS, in any approved manner, is a collar' such as 20, provided with a central opening. Bolts such as 21 are associated with such collar and extend upwardly therefrom for a purpose hereinatter more fully specified. i

As has been clearly shown in Figures 2, 5, and 7. the bolts 21 are Conveniently arranged in pairs at diametrically opposed points in the collar 20. Mounted upon such bolts are the members producing more complete mixing, these members constituting the ba'iiing means and embracing what might be termed anchor-plates, including a body por t-ion and a stern 23, it being noted 'that such stern is provided with a reduced portion and projectiin portions 25, as well as openings 26. The oatiiing means further embraccs a number ot' spiders each including a ring shapecl portion 27, having associated with it radialiy extending arms 28, also forms a part of the mixing members, it being noted that the ring-shaped portion of the spider is provided with projecting shoulder-s 29 tor a purpose more clearly hereinafter brought out.

i pretor to assemble the ba'riing means of the mixer in the manner most clearly shown in Fig. 7. in this figure it will be noted that the bolts 21 which extend from the collar 20 have an imperforate plate 31 disposed upon their bedies. A spider o' the type at'oredescribed is now positioned upon these bolts which latter pass through the openings provided for this purpose in the spider. A series of anchor-shaped plates are next disposed upon the bolts 21 by having the shanks ot the iatter pass through the openings provided in these members, and' it will be seen in the igure referrcii to, as well as in Figurc 12 that these plaies are conveniently so arranged thai the stenis and bodies of aiternate plates extend in similar directions. ln other words one platc has its stcm cxtending inwardly Lowards the central opening, while the next ad'jacent plate has its stem extending outwardly for a purpose hereinafter specified.

fa second spider is subsequently applied to the bolts 21 after the positioning of one layer of the anchor-plates, and a second layer is then arranged upon the bolts 21, it being noted, howexer, as has been clearly shown in Figure 7, that the second layer of anchorplates, although carrying out the same alternate arrangcment, i. e., two plates having their body portion extending inwardly towards the opening while the two other oppositely a ranged plates have their stens projecting inr-xardly, that these plates are arranged so that the body portion of one pinte extends outwardly, as against the positioning ot' its next adjacent underlying plate, whose stem projects outwardly.

And a third layer ot' anchor plates is now applied to the bolts, and the positioning of another layer of plates carried, care being' taken, howei'er, that each of these plates altcrnate both with respect to their next adjacent plate as well as their underlying plate.

By this arrangement, reference being had tpn, gfrom'; the e itfa introduction 'of 'the e 'betwee theldges 'the body ortion of i enientg in ,other words the i tefmost unit :of

sides ofthe spiderfr'hs' %fefe straight, 'and it Will 'be nderstood that While'these large prtieles of fuel areoapable ofente ing between the `body portons 22 of the anchori plztes, that they Will lodge in the, poekets 30 fol-med 'by such plates 's hate their stens' p'ojeting otWaI dIy. Obvo'usly, it will be iinpossiblefor these drops Of'raw material to creep inwa'dly in their orig- V nal form, and t Will beepp-c ated that sneh'd 'ops Will be evporzited by the inrush of fluid past theni and `s`o"^absorbed, ina

ninutely 'sibdividedstt nthe fiel mixtfe.

lt is now to be noted that the portion of tlie cylindrieal casng 17 above the flange 18 forms an expansion chamber which causes fslo wing "down of the greatly aceelereted iew of fiiid energing from the central i opening in the 'colla 20, and if it is desred means may be provided which Will tend to prevent a spasnodc ,flow ofmikture. This jsfcoomplshed by forming :in 'opening in the cover plate 32, 'and fatt'aehng a b lb- 'A bulb like element 33 to this opening of this nature, although operting by Vaccuum instead ofby pressure serves to produee tent, the flow ofthe e'ng e'aeh of the plzttes andflsp f lefs to ibe .01" nthckness, thtthe on twrdly ex- 'tendng bodyportns of the anehor-pltes Will be separatedgin an ssembled nt, by

.O3" and that merely Ol'spee Will exist between the various unts arrangeddir'eetly spider appears between each layer "of the anehorplates, tls providing 'aclosed annula wall jdstant 'from jits next'overonunder-lymg wall. Th s featurehas been clearly illustfated in Figui es 3. and4. The

037 spacing referred to is `'aceomjjlshed, as has been llustrated n Fgures. &L 6. 7. and

j 12 'by the arra'ngenent "of the spiders s and anehor-pltes; In other` wordse longitunin -al section through thebafiling means're- "yeals first zin "anchor plateihia ving it s body plate having its stem extendng oitwafdly, a 'second spider, fa Lthird plztte having i its body unit incorporats ne lyer of "nh'orr&

plates and one spider, it will be scen that raw fuel pochets such as 30 are pr0- vided, aside fron\ innumm'alr le projections such as and 29, which will cause a breaking up of the fuel, this action being further insured by the repeated increased :ul retarded flow of the fluid together with the vibration of the free edges of the anchorplates.

By way of example: if a mixer Constructed in accordance with my design were employed in conjunction with a four-stroke 3 bore engine, there would be approximately 176.? cubic inches of displacement. In a motor of this type running at 1000 li.. l M., consider-ing that the opening` in the eollar 20 were at l inch, there would be a flow of 88,350 cubic inches per minute through this opening. At this speed of intake, the speed of the fuel at the outer edges of the anchouplate would be 9816 cubic inches per minute, which would increase as it neared the center of the mixer to a speed of 88,350 cubic inches per minute, subscquently decreasing as it entered the second expansion chamber formed above the flange 18 to about- 5000 cubic inches per minute and leaving the expansion chaniber by means of the manifold at anapproximate speed, assuming that two l" pipes were used, of 44,175 cubic nches per minute.

Briefiy, it will be seen that, as has been afore-described, the fuel will strike the body portions of the anchor-plate and will be first broken up into small streams, any particles of raw material being restrained from further passage. These small streams are allowed to expand, subsequently being broken up into smaller streams which are in turn introduced into a common port.

By actual experiment it has been proven that the afer-described mixer insures a more intimate co-mingling and sub-dividing of the particles of the Component parts of the fuel mixture, which results in avoiding, as has been further proven, most all the detrimental features incident to the use of low test fuel, and which will further permit of a fuel mixture being produced which will increase the efliciency of an engine, not alone during its actual performance but also with regard to the life of the engine.

It will be found in use that my deviee will produce improved results irrespective of the speed of the engine, thus overcoming objectons to the devices of this type heretofore placed upon the market. This result is undoubtedly to be attributed to the venturi-like action of the mixer as a whole, which does not exert a retarding effect upon the flow' of the fluid, but similar to the venturi employed in connection with various types of carbureters, increases the speed of the flow of the gases and also avoids establishing any back pressure.

From the foregoing it will be understood that all of the objects of this invention have been accomplished, and it will obviously be ap rceiated that, numerous modifications might be resorted to without in the least departing :from the scope of my invention, sucn as producing the vent-uri action through the mixer by any desired arrangement of plates and spiders. Further, any number of accelerations and retardings of the current flow might be resorted to.

Having now described my invention, what I desire to claim and to secure by Let-ters Patent is:

l. A mixer comprising a casing and a unit including a` plurality of anchor-shaped plates mounted within said casing and arranged one above the other in spaced relationship to each other to present interstices for the passage of the fuel mixture.`

2. A mixer comprising a casing and a\ mixer unit including a plurality of substantially flat spiders and means for spacing said spiders arranged to form interstices for the passage of the fuel mixture.

3. A mixer comprising a casing and a. mixer unit including a plurality of substantially flat plates providing an annularshaped portion and a plurality of radially extending arms combined with superposed bafiie plates arranged so as to form interstices for the passage of the fuel mixture.

l. A mixer comprising a casing, and a unit including a plurality of plates providing an annular shaped portion and a plurality of radially extending arms secured to said annular portion, said annular portion presenting shoulders in its outer edge.

5. A mixer comprising a casing, and a unitincluding a plurality of anchor shaped plates each comprising a pair of arms, and a stem, said stem being formed with cutout portons presenting pockets, and projecting portions.

6. A mixer, including a casing formed with inlet and outlet openings, a` mixture breaking unit arranged around one of said openings, and said unit including an imperforate plate arranged opposite said opening, bolts having one of their ends Secured to said plate, their opposite ends being Secured to the inner face of said casing adjacent said opening and a plurality of anchor shaped plates interposed between said casing and said first named plate.

T. A mixer, including a casing formed with inlet and outlet openings, a mixture breaking unit arranged around one of said openings, and said unit including an imperforate plate arranged opposite said opening, bolts having one of their ends Secured to said plate, their opposite ends being secured to the inne face of said casing adjacent said opening, a plurality of anchor shaped plates interposed between said casing 13551 53&

and Said -first" named plate,` said anchor shaped' plates being arranged in l'ayei's, certain of' said'plates having their arms arranged outwardly their stems projecting inwardly, adjacent plateshaving their stems projecting outwardly 'and their arms disposed inwardly.

8. A mixer including With inlet and outlet openings, a mixture breaking' unit arranged around one of said openings, and said unit including an imperforate plate arranged opposite said opening, bolts having one of their ends secured to said plate their; opposite ends being Secured tothe inner face of said casing adjacent said opening, aplurality of anchor shaped plates interposed between said casing and said first named plate, said anchor shaped plates being arranged in layers,'cer tain of said plates having their arms arranged outwardly from stems projeeting inwardly, adjacent plates having their stems projecting outwardly and their arms disposed inwardly, the next over .lying layer of plates having their bodies disposed in rea Verse relationship with respect to the next under lying layer of plates.

9. A mixer including a casing forme'd with inlet and outlet opemngs, a mixture breaking unit arranged around one of saidopenings, and said unit including an imperforate platearranged opposite said opening, bolts having one of their ends Secured to said plate their opposite ends being Secured to the inner face of said casing adj acent said opening, aplurality of anchor shaped plates interposed between said casing and said first named plate said anchor shaped plates be-,

ing arranged in layers, certain of said. plates having arms arranged outw'ardly from stems projeeting inwardly, adjacent plates having their stems projecting outwardly and their arms disposed inwardly,

and spider shaped plates also arranged upon' said bolts and interpos'ed between certain of the layers of said anchor shaped plates.

10. A mixeu including a casing forned v i with inlet and outlet openings, a mixture breakingunit arranged around one of said openings; and said unit including an imperforate plate arranged opposite said opening, bolts having one of their ends Secured to said plate their opposite ends being secured to the inne-r face of said casing adja cent said opening, a plurality of anchor shaped plates interposed between said casing and said first named plate, said anchor shaped plates being arranged in layers,- certain of said plates having their arms arranged outwardly their stems projecting inwardly adjacent plates'having their stems projecting outwardly and their arms disp `posed inwardly, the next 'over lying layer of plates havingtheir bodies disposed in re verserelationship with respect to the next a ca'sn 'forined under' lying'` layer. of plates, and;` spider shaped plates being interposed between every third and fou'rth layer of said ane-hor shaped plates. i

11. `A mixer including a casing, 'fornied with inlet and outlet cpenings and a mixer unit within said` casing having. a passageway 'fer the passage of the fuel inixture ost-varying' size or Volume along the path of the, flow of the mixture for alternately slowing down and speeding up the mixture strean'.

12. A` mixer comprising a casing, bafliing means within said casing, and anchor shaped plates forming a part of said bafiling means.

13. A mixer comprising a casing formed with inlet and outlet openings, a baffling 'means 'positioned within said casing and arranged adjacent one of said openings, and a plurality of anchor shaped plates, and spider plates forming a' part of said baffing means.

14. A mixer comprising a casng form'ed with inlet and outlet openings, a bafiiing means positioned-within said casing and arranged adjacent one of -said openinga 'and a plurality of anchor shaped plates forming a'part of said bafiling means, certain of said plates having their arms extending outwardly, others of said plates having their stems extending outwardly.

15. A mixer including a casing formed means comprising a plurality of spaced plates between which the mixture fiows, said elements having edges free tovibrate during the flow.

`16. A mixer including abaflling means, anchor-shaped plates forming a part of said bafliing means means engaging the stems of said plates for mounting the same, the ends of the anchor arms of said plates being free .to vibrate.

17. A mixer including a baliling means comprising a plurality of spaced plates, said plates being so disposed as toprovide spaces v varying in size between their adjacent faces. 18. A mixer including a baffiing means comprising a plurality of spaced plates, certain of said plates being of a shape different fromeach other and having their bodies so disposed as to provide a space varying in size between their adjacent faces.

19. A mixer including a bafiiing means comprising a plurality of plates spaced from each other, said plates being formed with cutout portions to provide openings extending longitudinal of said baffling 'means and transversely of said plates to provide open-` ngs within said bafiiing means.

20. A mixer including a baffiing means comprising a plurality of plates, certain of said plates being anchor-shaped, 'and shoulders forming a partof the stems of said plates. 21. A mixer including a bafiling means I with inlet and outlet openings and a baffing comprisng a plurality of plates, certain of Sad plates being anchor-shaped, and shouiders forming a part of the Stems of said plates, said stens being formed'with reduced portions adjacent said shoulders.

22. A mixer including a bafiing means comprising a pluralty of plates, certain of said plates being anchor-shaped, the stems of said plates being formed With reduced 1 portions.

24. A mixer including a bafliing means 15 including a piurality of plates spaced &part and having shoulder-s on their edges as and for the purpose described.

CLARENCE HERBERT BENNETT. 

